{"id":71,"date":"2026-08-18T14:43:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T11:13:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/roham.cloud\/blog\/?p=71"},"modified":"2026-08-18T14:43:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T11:13:18","slug":"%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/roham.cloud\/blog\/%d8%b3%d8%b7%d8%ad-%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d9%84%db%8c%d9%86%d9%88%da%a9%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 User \u060cGroup \u0648 Permission \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 Permission\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u200c\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 (User) \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0686\u06cc\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u061b \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 Root<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 root<\/strong> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n

-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647
\n-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0647
\n-\u0646\u0631\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0647
\n-\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647
\n-\u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0647
\n-\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0627 Root \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 ali \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo adduser ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

id ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 adduser \u0647\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

sudo adduser user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 useradd \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

sudo useradd user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 adduser \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 useradd \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

sudo passwd user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 Debian \u0648 Ubuntu \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n

sudo deluser user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 Home \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n

sudo deluser –remove-home user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 `userdel` \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

sudo userdel user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 Home:<\/p>\n

sudo userdel -r user1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 Home \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 (Groups) \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 10 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 Permission \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 Group \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 developers \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

sudo groupadd developers<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 ali \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG developers ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 `reza` \u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG developers reza<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 developers \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n

groups ali
\n<\/strong>\u06cc\u0627:
\nid ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0686\u06cc\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u061b \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 Permission \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

Read \u06cc\u0627 r
\n<\/strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

Write \u06cc\u0627 w<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

Execute \u06cc\u0627 x<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

ls -l<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

–rwxr-xr-<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u062c\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n

rwx<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644
\nr-x<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647
\n–r<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc Permission \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0631 Permission \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647:<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 = 4
\n\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 = 2
\n\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 = 1<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

4 + 2 + 1 = 7<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n

rwx = 7<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 Read \u0648 Write \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

4 + 2 = 6<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633:<\/p>\n

rw- = 6<\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 Read \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

r– = 4<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

755
\n644
\n700
\n600<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Permission 755 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 755 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

chmod 755 file.sh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/strong> rwx \u2192 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627
\n\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/strong> r-x \u2192 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627
\n\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> r-x \u2192 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

644 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u061f<\/h3>\n

Permission 644 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0647. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n

chmod 644 index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/strong> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646
\n\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646
\n\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Permission \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 HTML\u060c CSS \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chmod \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n

chmod 755 script.sh<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 chmod 644 index.html<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/p>\n

chmod u+x script.sh<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627:<\/p>\n

u<\/strong> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc User \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9
\ng<\/strong> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc Group
\no<\/strong> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc Other
\na<\/strong> \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n

chmod o-w file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Owner \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0632 chown \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n

sudo chown ali file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 file.txt \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 ali \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

sudo chown ali:developers file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9:<\/strong> ali
\n\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647:<\/strong> developers<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0634 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 R- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

sudo chown -R ali:developers \/var\/www\/project<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 R- \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 chgrp \u0686\u06cc\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 chgrp \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n

sudo chgrp developers project.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 project.txt \u0628\u0647 developers \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a chmod \u0648 chown \u0648 chgrp<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

chmod = \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc
\nchown = \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644
\nchgrp = \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

rw-r—– 1 ali developers project.txt-<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627:<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 ali \u0647\u0633\u062a.
\n-\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 developers \u0647\u0633\u062a.
\n-\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647.
\n-\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0646.
\n-\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647<\/h3>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

\/var\/www\/myproject<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc ali \u0648 reza \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo groupadd developers<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG developers ali<\/strong>
\nsudo usermod -aG developers reza<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo chown -R root:developers \/var\/www\/myproject<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0645 Permission \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

sudo chmod -R 775 \/var\/www\/myproject<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a:<\/p>\n

-\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.
\n-\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646.
\n-\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u060c Permission \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627 777 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 chmod 777 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

chmod -R 777 \/var\/www\/project<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 Permission 777 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a 777 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0686\u0647 Permission\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 sudo \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 sudo \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n

sudo systemctl restart nginx <\/strong>\u06cc\u0627 sudo apt update<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 sudo \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 Ubuntu \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 sudo \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG sudo ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 sudo \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 CentOS \u0648 RHEL \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 wheel \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n

sudo usermod -aG wheel ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

who<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 w<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u06cc:<\/p>\n

whoami<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc ali \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 ali \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0632 id<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:<\/p>\n

id ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647:<\/p>\n

uid=1001(ali) gid=1001(ali) groups=1001(ali),1002(developers)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 ali \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 developers \u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631
\nsudo adduser ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631
\nsudo passwd ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631
\nid ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631
\ngroups ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647
\nsudo groupadd developers<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647
\nsudo usermod -aG developers ali<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644
\nsudo chown ali file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647
\nsudo chown ali:developers file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647
\nsudo chgrp developers file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission
\nchmod 644 file.txt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627
\nls -l<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc
\nwhoami<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633<\/h3>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627 Permission\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc Write \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 Least Privilege \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 Permission\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u0647. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u06af \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 User\u060c Group\u060c Owner \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 `chmod` \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627 `chown` \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627 Group\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u063a `chmod 777` \u0646\u0631\u06cc. \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0686\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u0647 Permission\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc Permission \u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0646.
\n\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 Read\u060c Write \u0648 Execute \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a chmod \u0648 chown \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f
\n<\/strong>chmod \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 Permission \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 chown \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

Permission \u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc 755 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 Permission 755\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 rwx \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n

Permission 644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u061f
\n<\/strong>Permission 644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc HTML\u060c CSS \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647.
\n\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0642\u06cc\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 chmod 777 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647. 777 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647. \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:
\nsudo usermod -aG developers ali
\n\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 ali \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 developers \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f Permission \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:
\nls -l<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong>
\n\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc:
\ngroups username
\n\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:
\ngroups ali<\/p>\n

\u0686\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f
\n<\/strong>\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 whoami \u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 User \u060cGroup \u0648 Permission \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f. \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u062c\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":82,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[62,59,60,61],"class_list":["post-71","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-30","tag-62","tag-59","tag-60","tag-61"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 - \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0646.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0646.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/roham.cloud\/blog\/\u0633\u0637\u062d-\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc-\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0644\u0648\u062f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-18T11:13:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/roham.cloud\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/permission.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"950\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mrkianoosh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mrkianoosh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0647\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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